Which is alright if making sculpture, but the piece should not be left outside over winter. The other quarter was firing too fast, or too slow; either through the sintering phase (400-800 F) or at too slow at the approach to peak temperature, where Iron starts thermal reduction and Fe2O3 becomes FeO and FeO and the extra O offgasses. Blick stoneware is a midfire clay and needs to be fired to Cone 5 or 6 to fully vitrify. I don’t have issues with glaze defects. 3) Always fire glazes at medium speed. Start temperature assumed: 25°C or 75°F "Fahrenheit degrees" is not the same as "degrees Fahrenheit". This tile was fired to Cone 5 medium speed on a skutt kiln. Like as soon as I’m done glazing I wipe bottoms and load the kiln. 350F/hr to 2100F, 108/hr to 2200, hold 10 minutes, fastdrop to 2100, hold 30 minutes, 150/hr to 1400. Most cone 5 or cone 6 glaze firings do not have that long candling period. I’ve attached a picture of my test tile and the work I do below. Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home. To be safe, make sure you have a layer of kiln wash on your shelves before you fire just in case. Additionally, if I have mixed using cone 4 and For example: Amaco’s ancient copper likes it hot, cone 6. Most commercial glazes recommend I have been doing pottery for about 6 months now and I just bought a used kiln and it came with a wonderful array of 06-04 Duncan speckled glazes. I have been bisque firing clay at cone 04 slow and using low fire glazes recommended firing cone 05-06 I never really know what is best for these glazes, I have recently had some crazing but over various clay bodies and using the same glazes. My underglaze in the past, while at my studio membership, would run with clear glaze. It also depends on glaze application: mixing wet in the bucket yields different results than overlaying glazes (as in my example). What I’m considering trying next: doing a hold on my bisque and firing it a bit slower to burn out any organic materials test a thicker/thinner layer of glaze I'm formulating my own transparent glazes and l've found them very "powdery" I'm using dipping glazes and even after they're all dry, the glaze comes off even by just blowing some air, they come off while I'm transporting them to my local firing studio and most of the time I need to make touch ups or glaze the piece again entirely Their slow 7-hour cone 04 glaze firing goes to 250F at 150F/hr, 1695F at 400F/hr and 1945F at 120F/hr. if your cone 5 clay is really hard, it might not dry easily too and you may have to use a heat gun to get it to adhere. 570F/hr to 1982F, 200/hr to 2232, no holds, no control cool. Total firing takes about 3 hours. Firing Schedules. To continue with slow cooling cycle. Crypto I don’t brush glaze anymore mostly due to time constraints but I’ve almost always glaze/fired the same day. BRTF05 - Bartlett Fast Glaze Cone 05. Cone 04 is generally the highest you will want to go for bisque, above that the clay will absorbe less water and the glaze will take forever to dry. The damper is indexed with 1” markings from 9” being fully opened to 0” being completely closed. This was my first glaze firing to cone 6 since I've always been scared of using my old kiln to these temperatures. Then, when you fire it, it may crawl. The cone 6 glaze firings use the same steps except they add 287 degrees F to the target temperature on the last two steps. When you say “05/06 stoneware” we are all assuming you mixed something up. I refurbished an ancient Aim Kiln, with an 8X8X8 interior and a kiln sitter that has settings Low, 1-6, and Hi. 4 0 300° 1,967°. you just use stroke Even so, I don't think a bit of dust can have caused this. A pyrometer is not hard to add though! Highly recommend. mine bends at 2185. Glazing method: Hand dipping or spraying. Might be just fine and achieve the look you’re going for. For glaze firing no pieces can touch and the base of pieces need to be clear of glaze for at least 1/4 inch up the side. Base the temp off the rate of climb for the last hour of your firing. or u see a small crack in bisqueware but when you glazefire the crack grows big. It’s completely manual so I bisque 20 min each at level 1, 3, and 6 and then Hi. BRTS6 - Bartlett Slow Glaze Cone 6. 00 Business, Economics, and Finance. EARTHENWARE GLAZE FIRINGS Stages Brush-on Glaze 1000° (Cone 06) Standard Earthenware 1100°C High Earthenware 1140°C Delay-on 0. though it won't damage anything if you do have one. So i took the top half off and just do that glaze firing of the lower level. cracks. so i’d conclude multiple low fires after a high/mid fire does not hurt as much. Not ideal results, cone 5 is less porous and doesn’t absorb as good. Jan 9, 2024 · Cones are numbered according to the temperature they bend at – Cone 6 bends at around 2,200°F (1,200°C). 2) Glaze firing - cone 06 (low fire). Maybe just one hour, but if everything is bone-dry a hold is unnecessary. Glaze Fire at a Lower or Equal Cone to Your Bisque Firing. The L&L slow glaze takes about 9 hours, but the Skutt is estimated at 15 hours! I looked into the recommendations on the program which states something to the effect of this: Slow fire to cone 5: appropriate for large, sculptural pieces. Otherwise trying thinning it down a That’s why there is a cone 5 1/2. Deg F/hour Temp & hold. The strength comes in the final firing. Conclusion Adding even more complexity, mixtures of two glazes not only vary wildly depending on the relative proportions of mixing, but also on firing schedule, just like any other glaze. Purple might end up going blue. 716°F/hr to 1898F. Fire. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 3 0 180° 1,150°. This most recent firing I had minimal cracking in my handles but my UG is burning out :( I typically don’t put clear glaze over my UG bc I like the raw quality on porcelain but it doesn’t seem to matter for some colors. A 100° reading on a Fahrenheit thermometer is equal to a 37° reading on a Celcius thermometer. Apr 23, 2019 · A Cone 04 Glaze Firing Schedule With Down-Firing . A tablespoon of Epsom salt is added to each batch. You can fire any clay body to any temperature equal to or below its formulated maturation temperature. So yes, you can glaze a cone 5 clay body using cone 05 glazes, firing to cone 05. Thanks for opening my eyes to low fire crystalline glazes. Definitely test them first, with and without glaze over them. The left was the medium slow ramp and the right is medium. Cone 5 is totally doable. 2 0 400° 1,000°. As stated above bisque won’t accept glaze well if bisque temps are too high. Some pieces craze and some don’t. Apr 29, 2019 · Generally a schedule contains a preheat or dry out period below 200 F a midfire portion that goes a safe speed to heat the wares evenly (often 200-400 F per hour) and a final phase to mature the glaze often approximately 110 F degrees per hour in the last 200 F of the firing. How you apply the glaze won't really help beyond the thinness can reduce the appearance of pinholes and blisters, but you usually have to put it on so thin that you don't get a nice appearance out of the glaze. Armed with that knowledge you can begin turning knobs and trying to hit near the hour total then refine your technique based on results and firing time till you get the look you like. i know many who do it for luster firing. It’s important that the glaze fit the body. I had previously bisqued to cone 05 and glazed fired to 05 again. With Mayco's Jungle Gems, those crystals need to melt properly to be food safe. I dip my work in 5 gallon buckets. A kiln tech I talked to said i could start on medium that it wasn’t necessary to start on low with my kiln. It is important to understand that when doing this, that the clay body will not be fully vitrified. BRTF6 - Bartlett Fast Glaze Cone 6. The directions on a lot of glazes will say something like “apply to cone 04 bisque” but that just refers to the initial firing temp BEFORE you glaze it. the big question is what kind of glaze are you using. She talks about this popular kiln firing program a lot on one of the clay-related Facebook groups (maybe Hack the Commercial Glaze). Mayco raspberry mist heavy, and If that’s not quite hot enough pink, raspberry mist layered over cinnabar (mayco) will give you a bright, hot pink at 5/6. I was under the impression that if I wanted crystalline glazes to work, I'd have to be prepared to crank up the kiln to cone 10 (or even higher) and significantly deteriorate my coil's lifespan in the process. When you fire up to Cone 6, it’s not just about heating things up. It's likely the glaze that's the problem, maybe just ditch that batch and try another clear. cardillon. But as for the second recommendation, for firing the glazed bisque to ∆4 with a longer hold - cone ratings are a mix of temperature plus heat work. Therefore it makes sense that the cone 5 hasn’t moved the way for example a cone 7 would look if cone 6 was down. Stroke and coat glazes are pretty cool until he sense that if you want a solid color but get annoyed at underglazes becoming cloudy with a clear on top. Yes. You gradually approach your target temperature and once you reach it only stay there for 5 minutes, then quickly drop the temp by 60-110°C and hold it there for 30+ minutes. In my experience and opinion. After doing more reading I've seen that a 15 minute soak at cone 5 can result in the same heatwork as firing to cone 6. The most important part is the end of firing as described on Orton's cone charts. Using kiln wash actually reduces the glaze resistance of the advancer shelf. Because you have to if you use porcelain or you get plucking. I've never tried dipping so I don't know if that works. The following cones (4 to 7) are in a “mid” firing range. Using standard Blick stoneware clay! It does mean the clay is not fully vitrified, but it probably never will be at ^ 05. The flame trench is 2/3 the depth of the kiln to the target brick, is 9” tall, and has minimal gaps between the bricks. Made a rookie mistake and bisque fired my first (alone) load at cone 5 instead of 04 in my skutt. I thought maybe bisque firing twice may help solve this running problem. Firing Schedules for Traditional Ceramics. I have a manual kiln, so i avoid anything that needs a complicated firing schedule. I have a similarly small kiln (maybe 8x8x8”) and I fire Bmix cone 5. FWIW lots of the Amaco glazes will say right on the package to avoid holds or slow cooldowns because those will dull the effect of the float. Some previous answers that should help, which includes info about cone packs, the bisque schedule, and a cone 6 schedule - if the bisque doesn't sort you out, the drop and hold at the end of your glaze firing schedule might be helpful. 🏵 Welcome to r/Pottery! 🏵 -----Before posting please READ THE RULES!!!!-----We have a Wiki with Frequently Asked Questions - before you post a question that gets asked a lot, please check here first. This is the most common range for potters to do a final glaze firing. Consider manufacturer instructions to choose the right temperature, a meaningful way to craft durably fired pieces. If your other glazes worked ok, I would rule out this dust idea. R 5 -125 1400/0. AMACO has a variety of Cone 5- 6 glazes that showcase a range of ceramic surfaces. Just lay on a thin coat first wait for it to dry and then glaze as you normally would. If the glaze says it's food safe, it's usually all about the surface of the glaze post firing that would cause any food safety issues. Cone 5 = 1184°C (at 150°C/hour for the final 100°C of firing) / 2201°F ( at 270°F/hour in the final 200°F of firing) Cone 6 = 1241°C (at 150°C/hour for the final 100°C of firing) / 2266°F ( at 270°F/hour in the Either the glaze needs to be reformulated to remove ingredients that gas a lot, or else the firing schedule should be changed to include a "drop and hold," where, after reaching top temperature, you drop the temperature by some amount (maybe about 100 degrees F) and hold it there for, say, half an hour. 1. The dip glazes I use seem to cause less pinholes but overall both dip and brush on glaze seem to cause this issue so I’m assuming this is a clay issue. You need to use midfire glaze and fire the piece that hot. A good bisque firing will have a long candling period to dry out the clay. Use a drop-and-hold firing schedule. Unless you are firing really wet work you don't need a 5 hour hold at the beginning. My guess is that darker clays are letting off more gasses from impurities causing pinholing. So, you can think of it as a specific marker on the temperature scale. Six-step with controlled drops to 1000C and 760C. 00 Skip to main content. If you want to match their results, best you fire similar to them, applied like them on similar claybodies. You will be better off firing test pieces with consistent glazings at different firing schedules to dial in the right schedule for a glaze combination vs. For this example, we'll also see that the kiln will be down-fired. For sure, some glazes do better with specific schedules, and going unusually fast is not likely to line up with the expectations of the glaze “designer”. My darkest colors still ran. 5 hours. I've done several 04 bisque firings and am ready to do my first Cone 5 firing! I'm struggling to find specific schedules online or in this reddit group so thought I'd ask. It depends on how vitrified (tight) your clay body gets at cone 5. High Fire Glazes. Lowering your bisque temp (from 04 -> 06) would probably just yield thicker glazing. The only glazes where that small of a temperature difference will be visible are cone 6 crystalline glazes. STEP 1. It looks to be crawling so likely a problem with glaze recipe or glaze to body interaction. It may also be effected by the clear glaze you use on top of it. I only use cone 6 clay and just wondering if anyone has ever single fired clay to cone 6 then applied 06-04 glaze in a subsequent firing. Usually 06 for earthenware, 5-7 for mid fire clays and 10+ for high fire. I noticed some glazes pinhole on iron-rich clays more than white clays. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. . It’s where the magic happens for many clays and glazes. But my homemade klin is not capable of reaching that high degree, the max i can it to is… Off the shelf glazes for stoneware are usually cone 5~6 so 1240 with a hold or a little lower if your glaze colours are going too dark. Two very different temps. Bentonite (volcanic clay with a high shrinkage rate) can be added at a rate of 3-5%. Bisque firing (and the introduction of the two-step firing and glazing process) were Most (not all but most) pottery blow ups occur in the bisque fire not because of air bubbles, but because of trapped moisture. Total firing takes about 3. 2) A slow glaze program with a 10 minute hold (soak) at the top. The vast majority of glazes will not have a different appearance. For a cone 5 firing use 10 min each at level 1, 3, 6 then Hi. Ramp 1 100 220/0. This isn’t the case with all glazes, you’ll have to test and see! Some glazes can differ between the top and bottom of the kiln. Jan 2, 2021 · Amacos own schedule above shows they fire just over cone 5 and not quite cone 5-1/2. Most of my pieces are mugs, cups, and few vases at Recently purchased spectrum glaze 1114 gold rain which is apparently dinnerware safe, but is listed as a cone 5 or 6 glaze. My last glaze making session used the Hansen 20x5 in the John Britt book as the base, and various oxides to create 4 or 5 colors. I have a kiln and a wheel and other… This firing I used one of skutt's preset 'cone fire mode' options at 'medium speed' with a 15 minute hold. 398°C/hr to 1037C. 3) Preheat all bisque firing for 10 hours at 180 degrees to prevent breakage (the recommended kilns can be programmed for this feature). 6 30min 125° 1,900°. Firing to cone 6 or 7 because of a hold likely will reduce the chances of matching their firing. Business, Economics, and Finance. With that said, you might not be doomed - you might just need to work on finding the glazes that are accommodating of the schedule they want to run. if that works, less fooling around with glazes. hey actually i thought of something. a cone 10 glaze in a cone 7 or 6 firing is going to be underfired and thats no good. steps: Make your piece(s) out of moist clay, let dry to leather hard, trim, let dry to bone dry, bisque fire (cone 04), glaze pieces, glaze fire to (in your case) cone 5 Things to note: when you bisque fire, make sure you tell them to fire to cone 04. It also seems underglaze can mitigate this issue. If the kiln owner has success with their schedule and you like their glazed items, maybe just trust them! the clay looks like it has good absorption rates from cone 7 to 10 so also good. Plainsman Cone 6 Slow Cool. Better yet, test first. Maybe a generalization would help - common 04 bisque schedules run 10 to 12 hours and glaze fire say 5 to 8 hours. I apply my underglaze during the greenware phase, then bisque, then clear glaze. The temperature range is 1999° – 2052°. Make sure you use a glaze product for the cone, whether 5 or 6. I’m curious what will likely happen if I fire a cone 6 glaze to a cone 4 firing. BTFB04 - Bartlett Fast Bisque Cone 04. I’m a home studio hobbyist still learning about glaze making. But also- some glazes that look great in white or buff clay Thankyou so much in advance! According to the specs of the clay, it should work just fine. It is not very difficult to do a firing. Also, note that in my first few glaze runs with my own L&L kiln (Genesis 2. With that being said I use commercial glazes and fire in an electric kiln at cone 6 with a standard firing schedule so YMMV. Not for mugs, no. If you can id say fire to 5 its a nice inbetween and only a few degrees off from both temps. My local studio fires to cone 9, and I made some test pieces just to see how it would turn out when fired there. The difference between cone 5 and 6 is minor, less than 100 f. But for those glazes, 25 degrees can be the difference between awesome and suck. But "100 Fahrenheit degrees of temperature change" is equivalent "55 Jan 5, 2014 · Here is the MC6 suggested firing schedule (with a slow cooling if you want to use it). . 00 First Ramp 100 100 100 Intermediate Temperature 300 300 300 Second Ramp FULL FULL FULL Cut-off Temperature 1000 1100 1140 Soak/Dwell 0. When fired cone 5 you won’t get that crystal goodness. The fast schedule has only two steps: 570F/hr to 1695F and 200/hr to 1945F. 00 0. You can also do a drop and hold manual glaze program (look up Camille Hoffman firing schedule created by Scutt, which is rumored to be very successful with healing glaze defects), but we have not found that to be necessary. BTSB04 - Bartlett Slow Bisque Cone 04. Thankyou so much in advance! According to the specs of the clay, it should work just fine. Similarly, cone 06 is lower than 04. I can link some things if needed. Hi, Ive been an avid potter in high school, but now since i'm graduated, I will need to start firing at home. However, some glazes look better after a slow firing, so you’ll want to experiment. Jun 22, 2019 · Posted June 22, 2019. This is especially true in a community kiln. The cooling process was natural. Orton says that when the tip of the cone is bent level to the base then it’s properly fired. 108 and hour is pretty common. -----We have a Discord server come and chat with other clay enthusiasts! Might not fully mature. Because the bisque firing has already changed the clay into the ceramic material, glaze firings can increase temperatures faster at the beginning and middle of the firing. Single fire glazing is where you glaze greenware (unfired pottery) and put it through the kiln only once. Cone 6 dark iron clay. Reply. BQ1000 - Plainsman Electric Bisque Firing Schedule. Only way to find out is to test it. So holding at the top temp could produce closer to the recommended clay and glaze firing range of ∆5-6. 4 percent eg: 4 grams to a kilo of dry glaze which is then mixed with water. r/Ceramics A chip A chip Bisque fire then the Glaze fire. 6:03. Without a pyrometer you unfortunately won't know what's really going on apart from firing duration and your witness cones. I had a 180 degree preheat for an hour, total firing took about 8. After and Before ^. Usually, underglaze benefits from being able to soak into the clay body. Does anyone have a slow cone 6 firing schedule to reduce… Spectrum reactive red will give you a hot hot pink at 5/6. And if you glaze it at ∆5 the glaze won't fit the clay, it might look fine but soon it will craze a lot. Typically, these need to be bisque fired differently than white or buff clays so that the gases can escape without bubbling the clay like you see. And not in a good way. I’m making some cone 6 tiles, but tests keep warping during the kilns preset glaze firings. ie, Amaco Potters Choice. Glaze firing temperatures: Cone 5 (2210F), fired in an automatic (computer-controlled) electric kiln with Orton cones as a witness for approximately 8 hours. Crypto Jun 30, 2023 · Mid fire kiln cone temperature ranges. And the type of kiln matters as well as the ambient air and weather etc. These are both cone 5 with a 5 minute hold at peak and a 10 minute drop hold (100 degrees less than peak). putting all your pottery eggs in one kiln basket The clay piece might also be brittle, flaky, or sticky once the firing has been completed at Cone 5 or 6 if it is meant for firing at a higher or lower cone. It won’t be vitrified and will be very porous. Crash cooling after reaching final glaze temp can freeze the surface of the glaze in that bubbly state. As you can see, my kiln is hitting Cone 5 on the bottom, but possibly exceeding Cone 6 at the top? Even though the kiln itself says it's only getting to 2153°F. Re lowering temp, one option is to use frit - 3124 I’ve used to bring a cone 10 glaze to 6 and there’s an earthenware glaze that’s around 90% frit. 2) Always slow fire greenware to bisque. Knowing that the clay wasn't vitrified enough, I decided to send it to cone 6. •. Fast fire to cone 5: appropriate for smaller pieces. Mastering Glazes Cone 6. sometimes at 04 you don’t see the cracks but you only see them at even cone 5 glaze firing. This determines that clay and glazes purchased must be cone 06 materials. If they do have a reliable copper red, one approach is to just add a bit of cobalt to the red in order to shift it purple. Zoophagous. Premixed glasses should be sieved by the maker, but if the glaze is giving you issues it's a nice thing to rule out. I have a Manual Skutt Kiln 818-240. I think this is the schedule in question: Segment Hold Rate Temperature. 4) Avoid mixing bisque with glaze firing even though they get fired to the same temperature. 4) Always read glaze directions for proper application. For me the most important aspect of advanced shelves, is not the glaze coming off, it is the size, no warping, better heating imo etc. I use Witness Cones 6, 5, and 4 (left to right). The 3 packs are from the bottom, middle, and top (again, left to right). The heat will be applied just enough to slow the cooling. a cone 6 glaze in a cone 10 firing is gonna run to the shelf also no good. Question! Looks like bloating, yes. It is driving me mad! 😂 Generally speaking, cone 05/06 is earthenware, cone 5/6 is stoneware. It will be two separate firings. Those have “low fire” written all over them. 03DSFF - Cone 03 Fast Fire. It could also be due to your glaze application - I typically get something like that when the glaze is too thick. Hello, I have an electric kiln and am a beginner with clay. Follow a standard glaze firing schedule; 8 hours or medium speed to cone 6. It’s almost like a reverse firing schedule. Your finished pieces in most stoneware, earthenware, and porcelain will be fired in this range. Is there any basis to the idea that the glaze may no longer be dinnerware safe at a higher cone firing? May 7, 2019 · Single Fire Glazing in Pottery. R 3 150 2190/15 or where cone 6 is bent correctly, depends on your kiln. anyone knows why this glaze doesn‘t work? what am i missing, what am i doing wrong? 40% Kali-feldspar 32% Zinc oxide 20% silicia 5% Titanium Dioxide… IMO getting a good red/purple can be sensitive to clay/reduction/firing schedule, so it can take a bit of testing to get there on your own. Make to fire with cones for your first couple of bisque and glaze fires, to make sure the kiln is firing evenly. 716°F/hr to 1999F. The glaze came out fine with the occasional pinhole. This happened. High. Cone 06 glazes won’t fire to cone 10 properly. the cone 5 glaze my school studio uses is horrible😭 for the normal classes they usually fire to cone 10, but a select group of independent students get to use mid fire! everything i’ve put in the kiln this past semester has come out bubbly and done major color changes even though it’s been fine before?? if anyone has suggestions i’d love to know!! using commercial glaze. 5) Fire kilns only when you are able to be there at or about the time the kiln should finish firing. Glazes for dark mid-fire clay? Cone 5 terracotta/cinco rojo. I have a low fire earthenware clay that dries white and has had no troubles bisque… 03DSFF - Cone 03 Fast Fire 04DSDH - Low Temperature Drop-and-Hold BQ1000 - Plainsman Electric Bisque Firing Schedule BRTF05 - Bartlett Fast Glaze Cone 05 BRTF6 - Bartlett Fast Glaze Cone 6 BRTS6 - Bartlett Slow Glaze Cone 6 BTFB04 - Bartlett Fast Bisque Cone 04 BTSB04 - Bartlett Slow Bisque Cone 04 BTSG05 - Bartlett Slow Glaze Cone 05 If you’re going to go to cone 5/6 definitely use mid range glazes. You turn up dials every couple of hours and once all dials are on high you check on the kiln periodically to make sure the kiln sitter turns it off (on a manual kiln). Glazes. The second tip is to use a drop-and-hold firing schedule. In fact, I just watched a video by Simon Leach on YouTube regarding single firing he tried. 6:11. According to my most recent firing, my kiln hit 2153°F. 0 controller from Bartlett) it looked like the kiln was running a bit hot – the "7" cone in my 5-6-7 pack was fully slumped in the first firing. 04DSDH - Low Temperature Drop-and-Hold. 5 5min 120° 2,160°. Ah… i just saw you had a bunch of pictures. Lots of underglazes will burn out at around cone 6, Especially reds and greens. Also- I am also experimenting with underglaze pencils on bisqueware. I have a glaze recipe, listed below, it's a cone 10 glaze. 5. Clays that have high iron content tend to bloat because the iron trapped inside gives off gas that can’t escape. 2167 vs 2232 f. There are some “low fire” that will do well at cone six but even the color you may want might fade. What you’re doing isn’t food safe. Changing your firing schedule is probably the easiest thing to tweak, first. As mentioned in the beginning of the guide, glaze firing typically is a faster process than bisque firing because most of the moisture in the clay has been driven out. Bartlett Fast Glaze Cone 6. Potters have single-fired their work for years and a huge quantity of ceramic items through history was produced this way. 1 0 200° 250°. Instead of changing the glaze, fire with test tiles on every shelf, and increase temp so that the lowest temp shelf is your target temp. R 4 -500 1900/0. R 2 350 2000/0. It may be hard for the color to stick. Add CMC glue to glaze at a rate of . Firing ∆10 clay to ∆5 will leave the clay still very porous. The grog in your clay shouldn't matter too much if your glaze is applied to an adequate thickness. There are different types of “bubbles” that can be present in a glaze like pinholes vs blisters so you would have to nail that down first. This is a low-temperature overnight candling. Since i did that glaze firing with the 2/2/3 schedule the elements burnt in the top portion/level. One of the trickiest parts of single fire is raw glazing, where you might need to change your design or methods. RevealLoose8730. Dip glazes will vary but follow the cone numbers and usually all is well. 6) Take care of your kilns by following recommended manufacturer instructions. OP can you try firing hotter? Edit: here is a link to the cone chart. on fr xz xu mc vl sq ao dj cw